The exact date of Kalat's occupation by Paki army in 1948

That Kalat is an independent and sovereign state its status is different from other princely states of British India, its relations with the British government being based on various mutual agreements and treaties.

Instrument of Accession of Kalat State copy of the original document

INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION OF KALAT STATE 

WHEREAS the Indian Independence Act, 1947, provides that as from the fifteenth day of August, 1947, there shall be set up an independent Dominion known as PAKISTAN, and that the Government of India Act, 1935 shall, with such omissions, additions, adaptations and modifications as the Governor-General may by order specify, be applicable to the Dominion of Pakistan; 

AND WHEREAS the Government of India Act, 1935, as so adapted by the Governor-General provides that an Indian State may accede to the Dominion of Pakistan by an Instrument of Accession executed by the Ruler thereof:

Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence ISI

The Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence [ISI] was founded in 1948 by a British army officer, Maj Gen R Cawthome, then Deputy Chief of Staff in Pakistan Army. Field Marshal Ayub Khan, the president of Pakistan in the 1950s, expanded the role of ISI in safeguarding Pakistan's interests, monitoring opposition politicians, and sustaining military rule in Pakistan.

General Pervez Musharraf: His Past and Present

In an article (the "International Herald Tribune" of June 16) on Pakistan's proxy invasion of Indian territory in the Kargil sector of Jammu & Kashmir, Mr.Selig Harrison, the well-known American analyst, says:" Recent information makes clear that the newly-installed Army Chief of Staff (COAS), Gen. Pervez Musharraf, has long-standing links with several Islamic fundamentalist groups." Gen. Musharraf's past background has not received, from Indian and Western analysts, the attention it deserves, if one has to have a clearer understanding of his role in the proxy invasion. By: B.Raman, Director, Institute of Topical Studies 1 July 1999

Violations of Human Rights in Balochistan

We the Peaceful Baloch people are facing massive human rights violations just for forceful displacement from our ancestral homeland. Rulers from one dominating province Punjab need our lands, coasts and natural resources. They are crushing Baloch people by army and other forces. They have created a general atmosphere of harassment and insecurity. Jumping in our homes in the middle of night, arresting people with out warrants, taking them blind fold to unknown places, torturing them brutally is an every day practice here

A Page from the Past

Mapping Internal Wars

Characteristically, all eight internal wars that this study seeks to analyse are fundamentally ethnic wars in the sense that the battle lines are drawn along ethnic lines and the goals of combatants are defined in ethnic terms. First, the warring parties belong to two different ethnic groups with strong identities based on distinct historical antecedents and heritage, language, religion and culture

Who Are the Baloch ?

According to the Daptar Sha'ar {Chronicle of Genealogies), an ancient ballad popular among all seventeen major Baluch tribes, the Baluch and the Kurds were kindred branches of a tribe that migrated eastwards from Aleppo, in what now is Syria, shortly before the time of Christ in search of fresh pasturelands and water sources. By Selig S. Harrison in his Book: In Afghanistan’s Shadow